大麻叶蜂的研究

大麻叶蜂是安徽麻区大麻上的主要害虫之一.单食性,以幼虫咀食大麻叶片形成孔洞和缺刻,严重时仅残留叶柄和主叶脉,致使麻皮产量锐减.据室内饲养及结合田间定点观察,大麻叶蜂在安徽六安每年发生二代,以老熟幼虫于土内结茧越冬.两性或孤雌生殖,幼虫六龄、三龄前食量小,是药剂防治的有利时机,幼虫有趋嫩性和假死性. 室内测定和田间试验表明,喷洒杀螟松、乐果、西维因和敌敌畏1,000倍液,对三龄前幼虫有很好的效果,特别是杀螟松效果更佳,杀虫快速,药效期长,即使对高龄幼虫仍有良好的效果.     

拟异蚖和古蚖精子的超微形态和精子形成的研究(原尾目:古蚖科)

余山拟异蚖和3种古蚖的精子均为扁圆形,未见顶体,线粒体集中在一侧;核呈环形、边位、中部由膜状体分布其间.领结古蚖的早期精细胞为球形,染色质凝集成团,继而核中裂并沿细胞赤道逐渐围绕成环,染色质呈细沙状,胞间有“桥”相通.核膜一端开始内陷,出现黑点.待发育到中期精细胞,这些黑点逐渐形成奇特的管状核膜陷体;染色质变成短线形,随后排成4—5行.线粒体颗粒状,细胞间仍有“桥”连通.晚期精细胞的染色质凝集成粗带,最后形成光滑质密的核,而多余的核物质,一段一段从精子一端脱离,形成一串孢囊状体夹在精子之间,待精子成熟游离时,这些孢状体分散开来.从观察结果表明拟异蚖精子与古蚖的非常相近.     

青海省单蚤属两新种记述(蚤目:角叶蚤科)

在鉴定我囱青海省单蚤属(Monopsyllus Kolenati,1857)的跳蚤标本时,除检出别人已记述过的不等单蚤[Monopsyllus anisus(Rotnschild,1907)],新月单蚤(Monopsyllusscaloni Vovchinskaya,1950)和冯氏单蚤(Monopsyllus fengi Liu,Xie et Wang)(新种,待发表)外,尚发现两个在形态上都接近花鼠单蚤[Monopsyllus indages(Rothschild,1908)]的新种。由于两新种阳茎钩突特别,故分别命名为钩状单蚤Monopsyllus hamutus,新种和文状单蚤Monopsyllus forficus,新种。鉴别这三个蚤种的重要特征如表1所示。     

墨红鲜花香气(头香)成分分析

利用 XAD-4憎水性吸附树脂采集墨红头香,以毛细管气相色谱双柱保留指数和 GC/MS/DS 联用方法鉴定头香的化学成份。共分离鉴定或初步鉴定了45种组份,其中含量较大的有乙酸芳樟酯(14.98%),柠檬烯(12.07%),甲基苯甲醚(9.88%),香茅醇(4.82%),乙酸巳酯(3.98%),β-石竹烯(4.55%),芳樟醇(3.18%),正巳醇(3.17%)等.     

用薄层色谱分离提纯单半乳糖和双半乳糖双甘油酯

本文选择两种溶剂体系,用两次单向薄层层析,从小麦抗寒与不抗寒品系天然橡胶胶乳分离提纯出6种单半乳糖和双半乳糖双甘油酯。并比较了它们的疏水侧链的脂肪酸组成。小麦糖脂疏水侧链脂肪酸的不饱和指数远大于天然胶乳糖脂。抗寒品系胶乳糖脂疏水侧链脂肪酸不饱和指数大于不抗寒品系。双半乳糖双甘油酯疏水侧链脂肪酸不饱和指数均大于其单半乳糖糖脂。     

The induction of a specific form of cytochrome P-450 (P-450j) by fasting

In previous work we have demonstrated that liver microsomal N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase (NDMAd) activity is increased in rats by fasting, and we have postulated that this is due to the induction of a specific form of cytochrome P-450. This communication provides evidence for such a hypothesis. Fasting for 24 and 48 h caused 59 and 116% increases, respectively, in NDMAd activity in male rats, and fasting for 48 h caused a 63% increase in female rats. These increases were accompanied by corresponding increases of cytochrome P-450j (P-450ac) determined by immunoblotting. Fasting for 24 and 48 h also increased the mRNA for P-450j by 153 to 250%, as determined by hybridization with a cDNA probe of this cytochrome. The results suggest that fasting affects the gene expression of P-450j.     

Unsteady-state operation of continuous fermentor for enhancement of cell mass production

The transient behavior of continuous fermentation is studied concentrating on the time scale intrinsic to the system. The time scale is the time required for the fermentorto reach a stable steady state after the disturbance of cell mass is introduced. When the cell concentration is disturbed from the steady-state value, in particular, at the dilution rate near washout, the transient period becomes extended significantly, and the steady state is resumed sluggishly. This sluggish transient behavior could be turned to an advantage for enhancing the cell mass output rate. The proposed transient operation is a continuous fermentation whereby a positive disturbance in the cell mass is introduced, so that the cell concentration is higher than the steady-state value for an extended transient period. It is shown that a significantly higher cell mass production than that from the steady-state continuous fermentation can be achieved. Simple experiments were performed to demonstrate the improvement of cell (Candida utilis) productivity.     

Light-adaptation in the photophobic response by Stentor coeruleus

Effects of preillumination on photophobic response (light-adaptation) and recovery of the photophobic sensitivity in the dark (dark-adaptation) in Stentor coeruleus were examined. When the cells were preilluminated with white light of 7.80 W/m² for 2 min, the fluence-rate response curve of photophobic response was shifted toward higher light intensities by half an order of magnitude compared to the one without preillumination. Preillumination with a higher light intensity resulted in a further shift of the fluencerate response curve. An action spectrum for light-adaptation showed a primary peak at 610 nm and secondary peaks at 540 and 480 nm which are almost identical to the peaks observed in the photophobic action spectrum.The light-adapted cells showed a recovery of their photophobic sensing ability following dark treatment. Dark-adaptation resulted in total recovery of photophobic sensing ability in 8 minutes for the most cases examined.